Australian Dental Council (ADC) Practice Test 2026 - Free ADC Practice Questions and Study Guide

The periodontal membrane, also known as the periodontal ligament, is crucial for the support and attachment of teeth to their sockets in the alveolar bone. The most prevalent cell type found in this membrane is fibroblasts.

Fibroblasts are connective tissue cells responsible for synthesizing the extracellular matrix and collagen, which provide structural support to the periodontal ligament. They play a significant role in maintaining the integrity of the tissue, facilitating tooth movement during orthodontic treatment, and contributing to the healing process following trauma or surgery. Their dynamic activity is essential for the turnover of the periodontal ligament's matrix, allowing it to adapt to functional stresses.

Other cell types, such as epithelial cells, are found in different areas of the oral cavity but are not predominant in the periodontal membrane. Erythrocytes are red blood cells, primarily involved in the transport of oxygen, and are not a significant component of the periodontal ligament. Inflammatory plasma cells are involved in immune responses but are not a major cell type under normal physiological conditions in this membrane. Therefore, fibroblasts are the primary cells that contribute to the structure, function, and health of the periodontal ligament.