Australian Dental Council (ADC) Practice Test 2026 - Free ADC Practice Questions and Study Guide

Calculus, commonly known as tartar, is one of the primary local factors in the development and progression of periodontal disease. It forms when plaque, a soft and sticky biofilm of bacteria, is not adequately removed from the teeth through routine brushing and flossing. Over time, this plaque calcifies and hardens into calculus, which can contribute to the inflammation and infection of the surrounding gum tissues.

The presence of calculus is significant because it provides a rough surface that encourages further plaque accumulation and makes it challenging for patients to maintain good oral hygiene. As calculus builds up, it can lead to gingivitis, which may progress to more severe forms of periodontal disease if not addressed.

In contrast, while occlusal trauma, brushing habits, and coarse food can influence periodontal health, they are not as consistent or prevalent in their role in the aetiology of periodontal disease as calculus. Occlusal trauma might exacerbate existing conditions but does not act as a primary causal factor. Brushing habits can improve periodontal health when effective but are variable among individuals. Coarse food can potentially irritate the gums but does not have the same direct impact on the aetiology of periodontal disease as calculus does.