Australian Dental Council (ADC) Practice Test 2025 - Free ADC Practice Questions and Study Guide

Calculus, or dental tartar, is recognized as the most significant local factor in the aetiology of periodontal disease. This is because calculus is formed from the mineralization of plaque, which is a biofilm composed of bacteria, food particles, and saliva. When plaque is not effectively removed through regular brushing and professional cleaning, it can harden into calculus.

The presence of calculus significantly contributes to periodontal disease in several ways. It provides a rough surface for additional plaque accumulation, making it challenging for patients to maintain oral hygiene. Bacteria in plaque and calculus release toxins that can irritate the gums, leading to inflammation, known as gingivitis, and eventually advancing to periodontitis if not managed.

While occlusal trauma, brushing habits, and coarse food can influence periodontal health, they do not have the same direct and overwhelming link to the initiation and progression of periodontal disease as calculus does. Proper and frequent removal of calculus is integral to maintaining periodontal health and preventing disease progression, highlighting its central role in periodontal aetiology.